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Napoleon Bonaparte

Portrait of Napoleon as King of Italy (1805)

The Story

Bonjour! I'm Napoleon Bonaparte, born on August 15, 1769, on Corsica, an island in the Mediterranean Sea controlled by France.

I came from a not-so-rich noble family, but I managed to go to a military school in France. It was hard there because the other kids laughed at my accent and the fact we weren't that wealthy. But, I didn't give up, and I finished school when I was 16, ready to change the world.

My big moment came in 1793 during the French Revolution when I was put in charge of big guns, or artillery, at a battle in Toulon. I kicked out the British forces, and people started noticing me. I moved up fast, and by 1799, I took over the French government and became the First Consul of France.

In 1804, thinking France needed to be steady, I made myself Emperor. Some people didn't like the idea of a king again, but many supported me because I had made a lot of good changes in law, schooling, and running the country. I made things fair, gave jobs to people who were good at them, and ended the old system of lords and serfs.

For the next 10 years, I led France in a lot of wars, known as the Napoleonic Wars. My big army won many fights across Europe, and France got bigger than ever. At the height of my power, I ruled over a large part of Europe.

But, I wanted too much and it led to my downfall. The big mistake was trying to invade Russia in 1812, where I lost a lot of my soldiers. Over the next few years, the countries I had upset got together and beat me. In 1814, they sent me away to the island of Elba.

In 1815, I got away from Elba and went back to France. This time, known as the Hundred Days, ended at the Battle of Waterloo, where I was beaten by the British and the Germans. Then, I was sent away again, this time to a far-off island called Saint Helena in the South Atlantic.

I lived the last six years of my life on Saint Helena, often not feeling well. I died on May 5, 1821. Some people say I was poisoned, others think I died of stomach cancer.

In the end, I had a crazy life, going from nothing to being the Emperor of France, then being sent away to die on a far-off island. I'm remembered for my drive, my skill as a soldier, and the good changes I made in France. I am Napoleon - a soldier, a leader, a changer - and people still remember me today.

Fullname
Napoleon Bonaparte
Born
August 15, 1769
Died
May 5, 1821
Cause of Death
Uncertain, possibly stomach cancer
Resting Place
Les Invalides, Paris, France
Occupations
Military Leader, Politician
Notable Work
Napoleonic Code, Expansion of the French Empire
Office
First Consul of France, Emperor of the French
Spouses
Josephine de Beauharnais, Marie Louise of Austria
Children’s
Napoleon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte, others
Parents
Carlo Buonaparte, Letizia Ramolino
Year of service
1785–1814, 1815
Battles/Wars
French Revolutionary Wars, Napoleonic Wars
Reign
1804–1814 (as Emperor), 1815 (Hundred Days)
Successor
Louis XVIII (as King of France)
Burial
December 15, 1840
Religion
Roman Catholicism
Citizenship
French
Education
École Militaire
Known for
Conquering much of Europe, Napoleonic Code
Influences
The French Revolution, Enlightenment thinkers
Fields
Military Strategy, Civil Law
Relatives
Joseph Bonaparte (brother), other siblings
Profession
Military Officer, Emperor
Popularity
Varied; respected for his achievements, but also criticized for his lust for power
Egocentric
+
Intelligence
+
Empathic
+
Charismatic
+
Social
+
Creative
+

The Photo Stack

Portrait of Napoleon as King of Italy (1805)
David Napoleon crossing the Alps
Napoleon Bonaparte (1806)

Aug 15, 1769

Birth of Napoleon

Napoleon Bonaparte was born in Corsica, which was a French-controlled territory.

1779

Napoleon Attends Military School

Despite being from a modest family, Napoleon is sent to mainland France to study at the military school in Brienne.

1785

Graduates from École Militaire

Napoleon graduates from the École Militaire in Paris at the age of 16.

1789

French Revolution Begins

The French Revolution begins, creating opportunities for Napoleon's rise.

Sep-Dec, 1793

Siege of Toulon

Napoleon, as an artillery commander, forces the British out of Toulon. He is promoted to brigadier general

Mar 9, 1796

Napoleon Marries Josephine

Napoleon marries Josephine de Beauharnais.

1796-1797

Napoleon's Italian Campaign

Napoleon successfully leads French forces against the Austrians and their allies in Italy.

1798-1799

Egyptian Expedition

Napoleon leads a military campaign in Egypt and Syria, which ends in failure.

Nov 9, 1799

Coup d'état

Napoleon takes part in a coup and becomes First Consul, making him the leader of France.

Mar 21, 1804

The Napoleonic Code

The civil law legal code, known as the Napoleonic Code, is established.

May 18, 1804

Napoleon Declares Himself Emperor

Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of the French.

Dec 2, 1804

Coronation of Napoleon

Napoleon is crowned Emperor at Notre-Dame Cathedral.

Dec 2, 1805

Battle of Austerlitz

Napoleon achieves one of his greatest victories at the Battle of Austerlitz.

Nov 21, 1806

Creation of the Continental System

Napoleon establishes the Continental System to weaken the British economy.

1808

Peninsular War Begins

The Peninsular War against Spain and Portugal begins.

Jan 10, 1810

Napoleon Divorces Josephine

Napoleon divorces Josephine due to her inability to bear him a child.

Apr 1, 1810

Napoleon Marries Marie-Louise of Austria

Napoleon marries Marie-Louise of Austria, securing an alliance and producing an heir.

Mar 20, 1811

Birth of Napoleon's Heir

Napoleon's son, Napoleon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte, is born.

Jun-Dec, 1812

Invasion of Russia

Napoleon's disastrous invasion of Russia, in which the Grande Armée is devastated.

Oct 16-19, 1813

Battle of Leipzig

Napoleon suffers a significant defeat against allied forces.

Apr 6, 1814

Napoleon's First Abdication

Facing opposition at home and abroad, Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba.

Mar-Jun, 1815

The Hundred Days

Napoleon escapes from Elba, returns to power in France for a brief period known as "The Hundred Days."

Jun 18, 1815

Battle of Waterloo

Napoleon is finally defeated by allied forces led by the Duke of Wellington.

Jun 22, 1815

Napoleon's Second Abdication

Napoleon abdicates for the second time and is exiled to Saint Helena.

Oct 15, 1815

Napoleon's Exile to Saint Helena

Napoleon arrives on Saint Helena, a remote island in the South Atlantic, where he spends the rest of his life.

May 5, 1821

Death of Napoleon

Napoleon dies. The cause of his death is still debated but it is often attributed to stomach cancer.

1840

Napoleon's Remains Returned to France

Napoleon's remains are returned to France and entombed in Les Invalides in Paris.

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The Famous Quotes

"Impossible is a word to be found only in the dictionary of fools."
"The battlefield is a scene of constant chaos. The winner will be the one who controls that chaos, both his own and the enemy's."
"In politics, stupidity is not a handicap."
"Courage isn't having the strength to go on - it is going on when you don't have strength."
"Victory belongs to the most persevering."
"He who fears being conquered is sure of defeat."
"Glory is fleeting, but obscurity is forever."
"Never interrupt your enemy when he is making a mistake."
"History is written by the winners."
"The first virtue in a soldier is endurance of fatigue; courage is only the second virtue."